電力承裝承修試工頻耐壓試驗裝置使用方(fang)法：

工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1應(ying)根據試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的(de)額(e)定容量(liang)來(lai)選擇(ze)。如高(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)定輸出電(dian)流(liu)(liu)在 100-300MA時，可(ke)取(qu)0.5-1Ω/V（試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)）；高(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)定輸出電(dian)流(liu)(liu)為1A以上時，可(ke)取(qu)1Ω/V（試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)）。常用水電(dian)陰作(zuo)為限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)，管于(yu)長(chang)度可(ke)按150KV/m考慮，管子(zi)和粗細應(ying)具有足(zu)夠的(de)熱容量(liang)（水阻(zu)液配(pei)制(zhi)方(fang)法：用蒸餾水加入適量(liang)硫酸銅配(pei)制(zhi)成各(ge)種不同的(de)陰值）。

球(qiu)間(jian)隙及保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)：當(dang)電(dian)(dian)壓超(chao)過球(qiu)間(jian)隙整(zheng)定值時（一(yi)般(ban)取(qu)(qu)試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓的110%-120%）球(qiu)間(jian)隙放電(dian)(dian)，對(dui)被試(shi)品起到保護(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用。球(qiu)間(jian)隙保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)可按1Ω/V（試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓）選(xuan)取(qu)(qu)。

在(zai)(zai)工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（儀表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)）不是非常準(zhun)確(que)的(de)(de)，其原因(yin)是由(you)于試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)漏抗(kang)，在(zai)(zai)這上(shang)(shang)(shang)個漏抗(kang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)必然存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或容升(sheng)(sheng)，使試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或高于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)(shang)(shang)反映(ying)出來的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)，被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也(ye)就是所(suo)謂容升(sheng)(sheng)現象。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)漏抗(kang)必須存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了(le)準(zhun)確(que)測(ce)量(liang)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)(shang)所(suo)施加電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此常在(zai)(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接(jie)入(ru)RCF阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。

工頻耐壓試驗變壓器(qi)(qi)是根據國(guo)家行業試驗標準(zhun)而設計的(de)(de)試驗設備，其安全可(ke)靠、功能強(qiang)大、使用(yong)方便、維護簡單，主要用(yong)于對(dui)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)產(chan)品(pin)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣元(yuan)件、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料等(deng)(deng)進行規定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下的(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)強(qiang)度試驗，以考核產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)水平，發現被(bei)試品(pin)的(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)缺陷，衡量(liang)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)能力，是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力運行相關部門(men)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)制造企業、冶金(jin)、煤(mei)礦、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化鐵路相關部門(men)、科研單位(wei)及(ji)高(gao)等(deng)(deng)院校等(deng)(deng)需要耐壓試驗設備的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)。

電力承裝承修試工(gong)頻耐壓試驗裝置特(te)點:

1)電(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)：試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的(de)一次電(dian)壓(ya)為220V或380V，但(dan)單臺試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器二(er)次電(dian)壓(ya)則(ze)常達數(shu)千伏至數(shu)萬伏。二(er)次電(dian)壓(ya)超過750kV的(de)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器，通常采(cai)用多臺串級式結(jie)構。

2)電流(liu)(liu)小：試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器的額定電流(liu)(liu)實際上是被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)的電容電流(liu)(liu)，所以一般小于(yu)1A。但用(yong)于(yu)電纜和大(da)型電機(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、外(wai)絕緣污(wu)穢試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、線路電暈試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗等(deng)項(xiang)目的試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器，二次電流(liu)(liu)可(ke)達數安。

3)工(gong)作時(shi)間(jian)短(duan)：因被試(shi)(shi)(shi)產品的耐壓(ya)時(shi)間(jian)短(duan)，所以試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器除(chu)了用于(yu)外絕緣污(wu)穢試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、線路電暈試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、電纜試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)外，一般(ban)均(jun)為0.5h或1h的短(duan)時(shi)工(gong)作制。

4)試驗變壓器一般為單相(xiang)、戶內(nei)裝置（也有做成(cheng)戶外裝置的）：均為油(you)浸自冷(leng)式結構，繞(rao)組(zu)絕緣層較厚，高壓繞(rao)組(zu)通常一端接(jie)地。

電力(li)承裝(zhuang)(zhuang)承修試(shi)工頻(pin)耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置技術要求:

①輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)形。試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)形應盡量接近正弦波(bo)。為了減少(shao)由(you)于(yu)空載(zai)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)諧波(bo)分量通過(guo)調壓(ya)器和變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)阻抗后(hou)，產生諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)而引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)形畸(ji)變(bian)，磁(ci)(ci)通密度應選在鐵心磁(ci)(ci)化曲線(xian)(xian)的(de)直線(xian)(xian)段(duan)；同(tong)時(shi)要選用(yong)波(bo)形畸(ji)變(bian)小(xiao)的(de)調壓(ya)設(she)備，必要時(shi)可(ke)加(jia)設(she)濾波(bo)裝(zhuang)置。

②阻抗(kang)(kang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)一(yi)般為容性電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，當(dang)二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)經調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)和(he)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的阻抗(kang)(kang)時(shi)，將導致輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)超(chao)過由電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)比所確定的數值，所以試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的阻抗(kang)(kang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不宜太(tai)大(da)，否則(ze)可能(neng)影響測試結果的準(zhun)確性，同時(shi)還會降低試驗(yan)設備的短路容量(liang)。但如(ru)阻抗(kang)(kang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)太(tai)小(xiao)，被試品擊(ji)穿或閃絡(luo)時(shi)，短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可能(neng)增大(da)。單臺(tai)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的阻抗(kang)(kang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一(yi)般為4.5~10%，組成多臺(tai)串級時(shi)，則(ze)可達30~40%